Sistem pengapian
berfungsi untuk menimbulkan percikkan bunga api pada busi agar terjadi
pembakaran campuran bahan bakar dan udara didalam ruang bakar, nantinya tekanan
dari proses pembakaran ini akan digunakan untuk mendorong piston dan disalurkan
ke poros engkol melalui connecting rod (batang piston) sehingga poros engkol
dapat berputar.
Komponen-komponen dari
sistem pengapian konvensional terdiri dari baterai, kunci kontak (ignition switch),
koil pengapian (ignition coil), platina atau kontak pemutus (breaker point),
kondensor, kabel tegangan tinggi, distributor dan busi.
Keterangan :
a. Baterai
b. Kunci kontak
c. Koil pengapian
d. Kabel tegangan tinggi
koil
e. Platina
f. Kondensor
g. Distributor
h. Kabel tegangan tinggi
busi
i. Busi
i. Busi
Baterai pada sistem
pengapian berfungsi untuk penyedia sumber arus listrik dan baterai juga
berfungsi untuk menyimpan arus listrik.
Kunci
kontak (ignition switch)
Kunci kontak pada
sistem pengapian berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dan memutus arus listrik dari
bateri ke kumparan primer koil pengapian.
Koil
pengapian (ignition coil)
Koil pengapian pada
sistem pengapian berfungsi untuk menaikkan tegangan baterai yang sebesar 12
volt menjadi tegangan tinggi kira-kira 5.000 sampai 25.000 volt.
Kontak
pemutus atau platina (breaker point)
Platina pada sistem
pengapian berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dan memutus arus primer koil ke massa
agar menimbulkan induksi tegangan tinggi pada kumparan sekunder koil.
Kondensor pada sistem
pengapian berfungsi untuk mencegah terjadinya loncatan bunga api pada celah
platina ketika platina mulai membuka. Selain itu, kondensor juga berfungsi
untuk mempercepat pemutusan arus primer koil sehingga perubahan medan magnet
pada koil juga akan menjadi lebih cepat. Karena perubahan medan magnet cepat
maka induksi tegangan tinggi yang ditimbulkan pada kumparan sekunder koil akan
menjadi tinggi.
Baca juga : Akibat kondensor pada sistem pengapian konvensional rusak
Baca juga : Akibat kondensor pada sistem pengapian konvensional rusak
Kabel
tegangan tinggi
Kabel tegangan tinggi
pada sistem pengapian konvensional terdapat 2 macam, yaitu kabel tegangan
tinggi koil dan kabel tegangan tinggi busi. Kabel tegangan tinggi koil ini
berfungsi untuk menyalurkan arus listrik dari koil ke distributor. Sedangkan kabel
tegangan tinggi busi berfungsi untuk menyalurkan arus listrik dari distributor
ke masing-masing busi.
Distributor berfungsi
untuk menyalurkan tegangan tinggi dari kumparan sekunder koil menuju ke
masing-masing busi sesuai dengan FO nya (firing order).
Busi
Busi pada sistem
pengapian berfungsi untuk meloncatkan bunga api di antara elektroda tengah dan
elektroda samping busi, sehingga nantinya loncatan bunga api ini akan digunakan
untuk membakar campuran bahan bakar dan udara.
Baca juga : Akibat dari penyetelan celah busi yang tidak tepat
Baca juga : Akibat dari penyetelan celah busi yang tidak tepat
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