Multimeter atau juga disebut dengan multitester merupakan salah satu alat ukur elektrik.
Multimeter memiliki fungsi untuk untuk melakukan pengetesan tegangan, arus serta hambatan listrik.
Namun beberapa tipe multimeter juga ada yang dapat melakukan pengetesan kapasitas resistor.
Multimeter dibedakan menjadi dua tipe, yaitu multimeter analog dan multimeter digital.
Perbedaan antara multimeter anaog dengan multimeter digital adalah dari penunjukkan hasil pengukuran oleh alat ukur tersebut.
Multimeter analog untuk hasil pengukurannya ditunjukkan oleh sebuah jarum (pointer), sedangkan untuk multimeter digital hasilnya langsung ditampilkan dengan angka.
Multimeter analog untuk hasil pengukurannya ditunjukkan oleh sebuah jarum (pointer), sedangkan untuk multimeter digital hasilnya langsung ditampilkan dengan angka.
Pada kesempatan ini kami akan membahas tentang cara penggunaan dan pembacaan multimeter analog.
Bagian-bagian multimeter analog
Untuk nama bagian-bagian dari multimeter analog dapat dilihat pada gambar di bawah ini :
Cara melakukan pengukuran dengan multimeter analog
Sebelum melakukan pengukuran dengan menggunakan multimeter analog diwajibkan untuk melakukan set “0” terlebih dahulu.
Langkah set “0” sebelum melakukan pengukuran yaitu menempatkan jarum penunjuk tepat di angka nol yang bertujuan agar hasil pengukuran dapat akurat (valid).
“Bagaimana cara melakukan set “0” ?“
Set “0” untuk pengukuran tegangan dan arus
Pastikan jarum penunjuk segaris dengan strip “0” pada sebelah kiri skala.
Apabila tidak segaris maka lakukan langkah set “0” dengan cara memutarkan sekrup penyetel jarum penunjuk dengan menggunakan obeng minus sampai jarum penunjuk segaris dengan strip “0” pada skala sebelah kiri.
Set “0” untuk pengukuran hambatan
Hubungkan test pin pada test lead merah dan test pin pada test lead hitam, kemudian pastikan jarum penunjuk segaris dengan strip “0” pada skala sebelah kanan.
Apabila tidak segaris maka lakukan langkah set “0” dengan cara memutarkan sekrup penyetel ohm sampai jarum penunjuk segaris dengan strip “0” pada skala sebelah kanan.
Cara melakukan pengukuran tegangan listrik
Perhatikan skala pada selektor di bawah ini :
Daerah pengukuran tengangan DCV di antara 0 – 1000 DCV, sedangkan untuk pengukuran tegangan ACV yaitu di antara 0 – 1000 ACV.
Untuk melakukan pengukuran tegangan DCV, maka selektor diputar pada daerah DCV. Ambil nilai skala di atas yang mendekati nilai benda yang akan diukur.
Contoh, kita akan mengukur tegangan baterai (accu) yang kita sudah tahu tegangannya sekitar 12,6 Volt, maka kita ambil nilai skala di atas serta mendekati tegangan 12 V, maka kita tempatkan selektor pada skala 50 DCV.
Kemudian tempatkan test lead merah pada tegangan positif dan test lead hitam pada tegangan negatif, jangan sampai terbalik karena dapat merusak alat ukur.
Setelah itu baca hasil pengukuran.
Pengukuran tegangan listrik ini dilakukan dengan cara merangkai alat ukur multimeter secara paralel.
Untuk melakukan pengukuruan ACV, langkah pengukurannya sama dengan melakukan pengukuran tegangan DCV, hanya selektor diputar di area pengukuran ACV.
Serta test lead merah dan hitam ditempatkan pada terminal listrik AC yang akan diukur tanpa mempertimbangkan mana yang positif dan mana yang negatif.
Cara melakukan pengukuran arus listrik
Perhatikan skala pada selektor di bawah ini :
Berdasarkan gambar di atas untuk daerah pengukuran arus DCA di antara 0 – 25 m DCA.
Untuk melakukan pengukuran arus maka rangkailah alat ukur secara seri. Untuk lebih mudahnya perhatikan gambar di bawah ini :
Cara melakukan pengukuran hambatan listrik
Perhatikan skala pada selektor di bawah ini :
Berdasarkan gambar di atas untuk daerah pengukuran hambatan dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini :
Set “0” pada pengukuran hambatan ini dilakukan setiap kali penggantian tingkat skala pengukuran ohm meter.
Putar selektor pada skala ohm dengan tingkat pengukuran di atas nilai hambatan yang akan diukur.
Tempatkan test lead merah pada ujung terminal hambatan yang akan diukur dan test lead hitam pada ujung terminal hambatan lainnya.
Untuk pengukuran hambatan ini alat ukur dirangkai secara paralel.
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