Persyaratan dan Klasifikasi Minyak Rem

Brake fluid (cairan rem) atau yang sering disebut dengan sebutan minyak rem merupakan cairan yang tidak mengandung minyak bumi, tetapi brake fluid sebagian besar terdiri dari alcohol dan susunan kimia serta zat ester.

Persyaratan brake fluid
1. Memiliki titik didih yang tinggi
Ketika melakukan pengereman maka akan timbul panas dari proses gesekan antara pad dan cakram (pada disc brake) atau kampas rem dengan tromol (pada drum brake).

Oleh sebab itu minyak rem tidak boleh mudah menguap, sehingga minyak harus memiliki titik didih yang tinggi.

Apabila terjadi penguapan minyak rem maka akan mengakibatkan kinerja pengereman akan berkurang, karena ketika pengemudi menginjak pedal rem, maka yang tertekan hanya uap.

Kejadian pengereman yang kurang maksimal karena penguapan minyak rem disebut dengan vapor lock (terhalang uap).

2. Mencegah karat pada logam dan tidak merusak karet
Minyak rem harus dapat mencegah terjadinya karat pada logam. Apabila pada bagian silinder roda atau caliper atau master silinder timbul karat maka akan dapat menyebabkan kemacetan pada piston, dan juga dapat merusak dinding silinder sehingga dapat menyebabkan kebocoran.

Minyak rem juga harus tidak merusak karet, karena pada sistem rem terdapat seal yang berfungsi untuk mencegah kebocoran minyak rem atau sebagai perapat antara piston dengan dinding silinder. Seal terbuat dari karet, sehingga apabila seal rusak dapat menyebabkan kebocoran minyak rem.

3. Kekentalan
Minyak rem harus memiliki viskositas atau kekentalan untuk dapat meneruskan tekanan dengan perubahan temperature yang bervariasi.

Klasifikasi Minyak Rem
Minyak rem terdapat 4 klasifikasi FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) berdasarkan nilai titik didih.

KETERANGAN

DOT 3

(SAE J1703)

DOT 4

DOT 5

SAE J1702

 (Extremely cold areas)

Dry Boiling Point (ERBP) ⁰C (F)

±205 (401)

±230 (446)

±260 (500)

±150 (302)

Wet Boiling Point C (F)

±140 (284)

±155 (311)

±180 (356)

-

Keterangan :
DOT = Departement of Transportation
ERBP = Equilibrium Reflux Boiling Point

Dry boiling point merupakan nilai titik didih minyak rem yang masih baru, sedangkan Wet boiling point merupakan nilai titik didih minyak rem yang sudah digunakan dalam jangka lama (minyak rem mengandung kandungan air 3,7 %).

Sedangkan ERBP (Equilibrum Reflux Boiling Point) merupakan kondisi minyak rem yang belum terkontaminasi oleh air.

Semakin tinggi nilai titik didih minyak rem maka semakin kecil pula kemungkinan minyak rem akan mendidih pada saat proses pengereman.

Hal-hal yang tidak boleh dilakukan pada minyak rem
1. Jangan mencampur minyak rem dengan klasifikasi yang lain
Mencampur minyak rem dengan klasifikasi yang berbeda, misalnya minyak rem dengan DOT 3 dicampur dengan DOT 4 maka akan menyebabkan turunnya kualitas minyak rem.

2. Tidak boleh tercemar dengan air
Minyak rem tidak boleh tercemar dengan air karena akan menyebabkan menurunnya titik didih dari minyak rem.

3. Tidak boleh tercemar dengan pli atau pembersih oli
Oli dan pembersih oli dapat mempengaruhi komponen karet yang ada didalam sistem hidrolik rem.

4. Simpan minyak rem pada tempat yang sesuai
Minyak rem harus disimpan di tempat yang tertutup rapat dan tidak lembab untuk menghindari tercemarnya minyak rem dari air dan kotoran.

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